{"id":2753,"date":"2017-01-04T16:02:48","date_gmt":"2017-01-04T15:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.domainedurayol.org\/?p=2753"},"modified":"2017-05-16T12:09:09","modified_gmt":"2017-05-16T10:09:09","slug":"la-plante-du-mois-quillaja-saponaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.domainedurayol.org\/en\/la-plante-du-mois-quillaja-saponaria\/","title":{"rendered":"La plante du mois : Quillaja saponaria"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce mois-ci, nous allons \u00e0 la rencontre d\u2019un arbre, le Quillaja saponaria<\/em>. Il se trouve au d\u00e9but du paysage du Chili, au bord du chemin. C\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 un petit arbre de pr\u00e8s de 5m de hauteur, en pleine croissance, un arbre d\u2019avenir. Il a 15 ans, et adulte, il devrait atteindre 25 m !<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Une esp\u00e8ce vielle de 20 millions d’ann\u00e9es<\/h2>\n
\"Quillaja-saponaria-bouton-domaine-du-rayol\"<\/a>

Bouton de Quillaja Saponaria<\/p><\/div>\n

Les Quillaja forment un groupe de trois esp\u00e8ces uniquement sud-am\u00e9ricaines, en terme botanique, originaires du Nouveau Monde. Ils \u00e9taient plac\u00e9s dans la famille des Rocaceae<\/em>, vaste famille tr\u00e8s accueillante, qui contient beaucoup d\u2019arbres fruitiers tels pommiers, p\u00eachers, cerisiers, et les spir\u00e9es dont on les croyait proches.
\nMais lors des r\u00e9visions taxonomiques, une \u00e9tude g\u00e9n\u00e9tique a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une famille originale, ne comprenant que ce genre, et que l\u2019on a donc appel\u00e9 les Quillajaceae<\/em>. Qui plus est, si les Rosaceae<\/em> sont class\u00e9es dans l\u2019ordre des Rosales, les Quillajaceae<\/em> se sont retrouv\u00e9es class\u00e9es dans les Fabales. Un tel chambardement taxonomique n\u2019arrive pas tous les jours\u2026<\/p>\n

Mais en quoi est-ce int\u00e9ressant ? Eh bien, car cette famille devient une survivante des flores du Gondwana, pr\u00e9sentes sur l\u2019Antarctique\u2026 Elle date donc d\u2019avant la glaciation, commenc\u00e9e voici 20 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es, apr\u00e8s la s\u00e9paration avec l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine\u2026 pour cause de d\u00e9rive des continents.<\/p>\n

\n

Le Quillaja : De l’usage quotidien \u00e0 la permaculture<\/h2>\n

Notre Quillaja est connu sous le nom de \u00ab bois de Panama \u00bb et est utilis\u00e9 en tant que savon. C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9corce qui est utilis\u00e9e, et qui est tr\u00e8s riche en saponines. Il est cultiv\u00e9 jusqu\u2019en Californie et en Inde. Les usages traditionnels am\u00e9rindiens sont nombreux. Mais \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 la puissance du produit, il est prudent de l\u2019utiliser sous le contr\u00f4le d\u2019un phytoth\u00e9rapeute. Il est tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9 pour la lessive, en \u00e9b\u00e9nisterie, et pour les shampoings naturels.<\/p>\n

Et enfin, son succ\u00e8s r\u00e9cent vient de la grande vogue que conna\u00eet actuellement la permaculture, o\u00f9 il est cit\u00e9 dans le livre de Bill Mollison. En effet, Bill recommande d\u2019associer le Quillaja avec les arbres fruitiers, il aurait un effet r\u00e9pulsif sur les insectes et permettrait de r\u00e9duire drastiquement les interventions pesticides. On est bien l\u00e0 dans ce g\u00e9nie naturel que nous essayons modestement de mettre en place au Domaine du Rayol.<\/p>\n

Les jardiniers du Domaine du Rayol<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ce mois-ci, nous allons \u00e0 la rencontre d\u2019un arbre, le Quillaja saponaria. Il se trouve au d\u00e9but du paysage du Chili, au bord du chemin. C\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 un petit arbre de pr\u00e8s de 5m de hauteur, en pleine croissance, un arbre d\u2019avenir. Il a 15 ans, et adulte, il devrait atteindre 25 m !   {…}","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-coin-des-jardiniers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa plante du mois : Quillaja saponaria - Domaine du Rayol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.domainedurayol.org\/en\/la-plante-du-mois-quillaja-saponaria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La plante du mois : Quillaja saponaria - Domaine du Rayol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce mois-ci, nous allons \u00e0 la rencontre d\u2019un arbre, le Quillaja saponaria. 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